Crops
Clinelymus sibiricus (L.) Nevski - Siberian wild rye, Siberian black-eyed Susan
Taxonomic position.
Family Poaceae Barnfart, genus Clinelymus (Griseb.) NevskiSynonyms.
Elymus sibiricus L., Elymus tener L.f., Suppl. Pl., Hordeum sibiricum (L.) Schenk, Elymus krascheninnikovii Roshev., Triticum arctasianum F. Hermann, Elymus pendulosus HodgsonBiology and morphology.
2n=28. Loosely bunched, perennial grass of spring-winter type. Root system is fibrous, well-developed, reaches depths of 120-150 cm. Bush is dense with many stalks. Stalks 60-120 cm in height, straight, smooth, with 4-5 leaves on the generative stem and 5-6 leaves on the vegetative stem. Leaves are linear, flat, rough on the both sides, sometimes slightly pubescent, slightly denticulated, 15-30 cm in length, 0.8-1.4 cm in width. Inflorescence is a flabby spike, dangling down, 10-25 cm in length, aristated. There are 13-30 spikelets in the spike, with 5-7 flowers in each spikelet. Arista of lower palea is bent, 2-4 mm in length. Fruit is oblong, glumaceous grain, grayish straw in color, 6-22 mm in length. There are 50-100 grains per spike. Weight of 1000 grains is 2-5.5 g.Varieties: Kamalinskiy 7, Guran, Niurbinskii, Gornoaltaiskii 86, Mashuk, Amginskii.
Distribution.
Wild species occurs widely from Volga to Kamchatka to Middle Asia in the regions of Tien Shan and Pamiro-Altai. Released in 1927 at the Amur agriculture experimental station, then in Omsk, Saratov, and Khabarovsk. Distributed in all regions of Siberia and the Far East, in Buriatia, and in Middle Asia. Prospective cultivation in the permafrost zone (Yakutia, Magadan).Ecology.
Exclusively winter-resistant and drought-resistant. Hygrophilous. Not demanding on soil. Grows well in loamy, sandy-loam and sandy soils, on flood-lands and on mountains slops. In grass-mixture, grows on saline lands. Prefers soil pH 6.5-7.5, but can bear low pH of 5.6. Long-day plant. Develops best during the 2nd and 3rd years of life. With good agrotechnics, lasts in herbage as long as 10 years. Cross- and self-fertilized. Vegetation period lasts 94-100 days. Species is ecologically plastic but does not withstand disease.Economic value.
Used for hay and silage, pasturable to a lesser degree. It can be used for erosion control in sand and ravines. Hay is high quality, but it should be mowed before earring (aristas are hard and rough). Produces 3 hay crops during summer. Crop produces 0.3-1.2 tons per hectare in Buriatia to 9-14 tons per hectare in Centarl Yakutia. Grown in combination with lucerne and clover, this plant produces 3-4 tons of hay per hectare. (Stable grain crops produce up to 0.6-0.8 tons per hectare.) Used as a lawn grass in Yakutia.References.
Agafonova, O.V. 1997. Morphogenetical potential of genus wildrye.(Elymus L.) and resources of its using in introduction and selection. PhD dissertation in Biology. Novosibirsk. 32 p.Barashkova, N.V. 1990. Productivity and steadiness of Siberian wild rye in meadow herbage under different procedures of using and norms of sowing in conditions of flood-lands of Central Yakutia. PhD dissertation in Agriculture. Moscow.
Denisov, G.V., Streltsova, V.S. 1980. Siberian wild rye in northeast of the USSR. Novosibirsk: Siberian branch of Nauka Publisher. 137 p.
Denisov, G.V., Streltsova, V.S. 1991. Adaptability of meadow plants in criolithozone. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 256 p.
Kosinskij, V.S., Niklyaev, V.S. 1990. Basics of Agriculture and Plant Growing. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 480 p.
Lavrent.ev, Yu.A. 1984. Siberian wild rye Kamalinskii 7. Novosibirsk: Krasnojarskii scientific-research institute of agriculture. 12 p.
Makarova, G.I. 1974. Perennial forage crops in Siberia. Omsk: Western-Siberian book publisher. 248 p.
Medvedev, P.F. 1970. Not currently used forage cultures. Leningrad: Kolos. 160 p.
Rogov, M.S. 1989. Perennial cereal gresses. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 46 p.
Strel.tsova, V.S. 1989. Selection of Siberian wild rye on Niurbinsk scientific-industrial station // Selection of perennial herbs in Yakutia. Novosibirsk. p. 92-101
http://agro.sakha.ru/consult/rasten/otr_069.htm
Stul.neva, A.M., Loshakova, A.I. 1981. Concise determinant of basical species of perennial legumes and cereal forage crops in Irkutsk region. Irkutsk. 20 p.