Diseases
Area and zones of severity of Early Blight of Tomato [Alternaria solani (Ell. et Mart.) Sor.]
Object description Download GIS-layers
Authors:
Object specialist L.B. Khlopunova,GIS-specialist M.I. Saulich.
Date of creation:
12.02.2005Scale:
1:20 000 000.Accuracy of map:
Map was created based on a map of the scale 1: 33 000 000.Projection:
"Alber's Equal Area Conic for Russia", 9, 1001, 7, 100, 0, 44, 68, 0, 0.Basic contents:
Vector map. Area of species distribution and zones of disease severity are shown by polygons.Accuracy of classifier:
The disease distribution zone coincides with the zone of cultivation of tomatoes. The zone of high severity was determined according to the method of Chumakov & Zakharova (1990). In this zone 25% or more plants are affected by the disease.Method of map production:
Scientists were given maps with boundaries of Oblasts and arable lands. After reviewing historic literature, species distribution was hand drawn on maps. If data were on the Oblast-level, distribution is on the Oblast level. In some cases, Oblast.s are further refined by boundaries of the Arable Land Map (Koroljeva et al., 2003). Hand drawn maps were scanned, georeferenced and vectorized. The zone of high severity of the disease includes Eastern Siberia (Chita Region and Republic of Tyva), the Far East (Sakhalin, Primorskii and Khabarovsk Territories), Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Byelorussia, Moldova, Tambov, Belgorod, Orel, Smolensk, Volgograd, Rostov, Saratov, Astrakhan Regions and Kabardino-Balkaria. The following sources were used to determine these areas: Zarutskii, (1972), Saichuk (1989), Kulakov (1963), Osnitskaya (1968, 1969, 1970, 1971), Pavlov (1971), Poliksenova (2001), Natalenko (1966), Shapova, (1966).Reference citations:
Chumakov A.E., Zakharova T.I. 1990. Harmfulness of cultural plants diseases. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 127 p. (In Russian)Koroljeva IE, Vilchevskaya EV, Ruhovich DI. 2003. Digital Arable Land Map. Laboratory of Soil Information of the Dokuchaev Soil Institute, Moscow, Russia [Based on: Yanvareva LF. (ed.), Martynjuk KN., Kisileva NM. 1989. Map of Land Use, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.].
Kulakov L.F. 1963. Pests and diseases of potato and tomatoes. In: Kulakov L.F., ed. Pests and diseases distribution on agricultural crops in Tuva ASSR in 1962 g. and the forecast of their appearance in 1963. Kyzyl: Tuva Publishing House. 35-36 p. (In Russian)
Natalenko G.S., Sorokina V.K. 1966. Pests and diseases of tomatoes. In: Sorokina B.L., ed. Pests and diseases distribution on agricultural crops in Rostov Region in 1966 and the forecast of their appearance in 1967. Rostov-na-Donu: RostovSTAZR, Don NIISKH. 46-47 p. (In Russian)
Osnitskaya E.A. 1968. Diseases of vegetables. In: Polyakov I.Ya., Chumakov A.E., eds. Pests and diseases distribution on agricultural crops in RSFSR in 1967 and the forecast of their appearance in 1968. Moscow: Rosselkhozizdat. 120-125 p. (In Russian)
Osnitskaya E.A. 1969. Diseases of vegetables. In: Polyakov I.Ya., Chumakov A.E., eds. Pests and diseases distribution on agricultural crops in RSFSR in 1968 and the forecast of their appearance in 1969. Moscow: Rosselkhozizdat. 137-144 p. (In Russian)
Osnitskaya E.A. 1970. Diseases of vegetables. In: Polyakov I.Ya., Minkevich I.I., eds. Pests and diseases distribution on agricultural crops in RSFSR in 1969 and the forecast of their appearance in 1970. Moscow: MSKH RSFSR, VIZR. 252-263 p. (In Russian)
Osnitskaya E.A. 1971. Diseases of vegetables. In: Polyakov I.Ya., Minkevich I.I., eds. Pests and diseases distribution on agricultural crops in RSFSR in 1970 and the forecast of their appearance in 1971. Moscow: MSKH RSFSR, VIZR. 187-198 p. (In Russian)
Pavlov N.K. 1973. Pests and diseases of vegetables. In: Pavlov N.K., ed. Pests and diseases distribution on agricultural crops in Smolensk Region in 1972 g. and the forecast of their appearance in 1973 and their control. Smolensk: SmolenskSTAZR. 45-54 p. (In Russian)
Poliksenova V.D. 2001. The retrospective review of tomato diseases in Byelorussia and prospect of development phytopathologic situation. In: Soroka S.V., ed. Plant protection on a boundary of XXI century. Materials of scientific practical conference devoted to 30 anniversary of BelNIIZR. Minsk: Belbiznespress. 225-228 p. (In Russian)
Saichuk A.I. 1989. Estimation of harmfulness of Alternaria solani on initial selection tomatoes. In: Ershova V.L., ed. Selection, agriculture and irrigation of vegetable cultures. Kishinev: Shtiintsa. 114-117 p. (In Russian)
Shapova A.P. 1966. Alternaria on tomatoes in conditions of Uzbekistan and its control. PhD Thesis. Tashkent: Tashkent GU. 20 p. (In Russian)
Zarutskii M.M. 1972. Biological features of agents of macrosporiosis and septoriosis of tomatoes and their control in condition of Byelorussia. PhD Thesis. Minsk: BelNIIZR. 20 p. (In Russian)