Diseases
Distribution and severity zones of White Spot on Leaves of Pear (Septoria piricola Desm.)
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Authors:
Specialist-biologist- I.V. Bilder, GIS-specialist- M.I. Saulich.Date of creation:
20.12.2004Scale:
1:20 000 000Accuracy of map:
Map was created based on materials of map of natural scale 1: 33 000 000.Projection:
"Alber's Equal Area Conic for the USSR", 9, 1001, 7, 100, 0, 44, 68, 0, 0Basic contents:
Vector map. Area of species distribution and zones of disease severity are shown by polygons.Accuracy of classifier:
Distribution was determined according to regions where White Spot is registered on fruit crops according to published scientific materials. Within the limits of the disease area three zones of severity were allocated. The disease occurs at least 1 time in 2 years or almost annually in the zone of high severity; 1 time in 3 years in the zone moderate development; and 1 time in 5 years in the zone of low severity.Method of map production:
Scientists were given maps with boundaries of Oblasts and arable lands. After reviewing historic literature, species distribution was hand drawn on maps. If data were on the Oblast-level, distribution is on the Oblast level. In some cases, Oblast.s are further refined by boundaries of the Arable Land Map (Koroljeva et al., 2003). Hand drawn maps were scanned, georeferenced and vectorized. Distribution of the disease is shown on a map within the limits of fruit-growing in the countries of the former USSR, coinciding with the area of fruit cultures. High development of the White Spot is observed in the Belgorod Region, in the central parts of Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, and in Georgia according to the following sources: Gabadze (1971, 1972), Kobakhidze et al. (1971), Smolyakova (2000). Moderate development of the disease occurs in Central-Chernozem, Central-Non-Chernozem, Northwest areas, in Volga region, northern part of Rostov Region, in Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, in republics of Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, and also in the Black Sea area according to Popov (1973) and Smolyakova (2000). To a low degree the disease develops in the Far East (Ablakatova, 1965). Corrections to the distribution area and disease severity zones were made according to the map of Tochenov et al. (1984).Reference citations:
Ablakatova A.A. 1965. Mycoflora and the main fungal diseases of fruit plants in the south of the Far East. Moscow-Leningrad: Nauka. 146 p. (In Russian)Byzova, Z.M., Vasyagina, M.P., Deeva, N.G., Kalymbetov, B.K., Pisareva, N.F. & S.R. Shvartsman. 1970. Flora of spore plants of Kazakhstan. Fungi imperfecti (Deuteromycetes). V. 5. Part 3. Alma-Ata: Nauka. 557 p. (In Russian)
Dgalagoniya K. 1969. White Spot of Pear. Sadovodstvo (Moscow), 9: 19. (In Russian)
Gabadze E.I. 1971. White Spot of Leaves of Pear (Septoria piricola Desm.) in Georgia and methods of its control. PhD Thesis. Tbilisi: Georgian institute of subtropical husbandry. 25 p. (In Russian)
Gabadze E.I. 1972. White Spot of Leaves of Pear and methods of its control. Works of institute of gardening, viniculture and wine-making. V. 21. Tbilisi: Ministry of Agriculture of Georgian SSR. 353 358 p. (In Russian)
Kobakhidze D.M., Minkevich I.I., Khomyakov M.T., Khokhryakova T.M., Shibkova N.A. 1971. Diseases of fruit crops. Distribution of pest and diseases of agricultural crops of RSFSR in 1970 and forecast of their appearance in 1971. Moscow: Ministry of Agriculture of RSFSR, VIZR. 214 219 p. (In Russian)
Koroljeva IE, Vilchevskaya EV, Ruhovich DI. 2003. Digital Arable Land Map. Laboratory of Soil Information of the Dokuchaev Soil Institute, Moscow, Russia [Based on: Yanvareva LF. (ed.), Martynjuk KN., Kisileva NM. 1989. Map of Land Use, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.].
Popov V.N. 1973. Gardening in middle strip of Russia. Moscow: Rosselykhozisdat. 288 p. (In Russian)
Smolyakova V.M. 2000. Fungal diseases of fruit trees in South Russia. Krasnodar: Vest.. 192 p. (In Russian)
Tochenov V.V., ed. 1984. Atlas of the USSR. Moscow: GUGK. 260 p. (In Russian)