Pests
Area of distribution and damage of Delia radicum (L.)
Object description Download GIS-layers
Authors:
Object specialists I.Ya.Grichanov & E.I.Ovsyannikova, GIS-specialist M.I.Saulich.Date of creation:
12.05.2004.Scale:
1:20 000 000.Accuracy of map:
Map was created based on information taken from open-published literature and maps of scale 1: 33 000 000 and 1:38 000 000.Projection:
"Alber's Equal Area Conic for the USSR", 9, 1001, 7, 100, 0, 44, 68, 0, 0.Basic content:
Vector map consisting of 3 layers. Area and zones of damage are shown by polygons.Accuracy of the classifier:
Within the general area in the Former USSR 2 zones were allocated, i.e., zones of moderate and low damage. In the zone of moderate damage the number of D. radicum larvae of 1st generation exceeds 5-6 individuals per plant on 5-10% populated plants in the phase of whorl formation under favorable weather conditions for oviposition and larvae hatching, and it exceeds 7-8 individuals per plant in the phase of head setting under the same conditions (3-5 times a decade). In the zone of low damage the pest number periodically (2-3 times a decade) reaches economic threshold, which is 1-4 larvae per plant on 5-10% populated plants in the phase whorl formation, and 1-6 individuals per plant in the phase of head setting (Tanskii & Dormidontova, 1980; Tanskii, 1985; Sazonov et al., 1991).Procedure of map drawing:
The map was compiled according to results of the analysis of open published materials. A chart of D. radicum distribution by Hill (1978) does not reflect the real distribution of the insect in the former USSR and it has been rejected. Northern border of the pest area in Europe passes through Murmansk and Arkhangelsk Regions and Republic of Komi according to Semenov (1954), Shapiro (1958) and Dely-Draskovits (1993); it corresponds to isotherm of the sum of effective temperatures above 10oC (degree days sum) 500o (Rubinshtein, 1972) that is necessary for development of one generation (Stepanova, 1962). Extrapolation of the northern area within the limits of Siberia and the Far East along the isotherm 500o (Rubinshtein, 1972) corresponds to the available literature data on distribution of the species in this territory (Arsen.ev et al., 1959; Dzholova, 1965; Semakov, 1964, 1972; Provorotova, 1977; Chukanova, 1980; El.berg, 1981; Amsheev, 1987). Deserts of Central Asia (Barysheva et al., 1992) were excluded from the area (Shtakel.berg, 1949; Pashchenko, 1984; Kadamshoev, 1986; Adashkevich & Shukuraliev, 1989) according to data about strong hygrophilous adaptations of the species (Stepanova, 1962; Yaremko, 1976). The zone of moderate damage was determined within the limits of forest and forest-steppe zones of the European and Asian parts of the former USSR (Barysheva et al., 1992) according to authors of the applied literature (Yakhimovich, 1934; Shapiro, 1958; Stepanova, 1962; Kharchenko et al., 1975; Chukanova, 1980), adapted to the areas of industrial cultivation of cabbage and vegetable cultures (Lizgunova, 1965; Tochenov et al., 1984). The zone of low damage was adapted to the areas of cabbage that were not included in the zone of moderate damage (Yakhimovich, 1936; Dzholova, 1965; Lizgunova, 1965; Rogochaya, 1974; Iskakov & Kabirova, 1980).Sources of the data:
Adashkevich, B.P. & Shukuraliev, B.T. 1989. Pests of cabbage and their entomophages in Uzbekistan. In: Filippova, N.L., ed. Biological method of vegetable pest control. Collection of works. Moscow: Agropromizdat, p. 106-109 (in Russian).Amsheev, R.M. 1987. On ecology of cabbage flies in Buryatian ASSR. In: Skarlato, O.A., ed. Diptera and their significance in agriculture. Leningrad, p. 4-7 (in Russian).
Arsen.eva, M.V., Dzholova, N.G. & Polyakova, E.V. 1959. Pests and diseases of vegetable cultures in hotbeds and hothouses of Irkutsk Region. Irkutsk: Irkutsk Publishing House, p. 73-74 (in Russian).
Barysheva, Yu.A., Bruk, S.I., Dmitriev, A.V. et al. 1992. Zones of vegetation types. In: Geographical atlas of the USSR. Moscow: Com. Geodesy and Cartography of the USSR, p.6 (in Russian).
Chukanova, L.N. 1980. Entomophages of Diptera pests of vegetable cultures in conditions of Western Siberia. In: Pests and diseases of agricultural crops and its control. Scientific and technical bulletin 3(37). Novosibirsk: SibNIIZKhim, p. 23-28 (in Russian).
Dely-Draskovits, A. 1993. Antomyiidae. In: Soos, A., Papp, L. & Oosterbroeck, P., eds. Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 13, Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, p. 11-102.
Dzholova, N.G. 1965. Insect pests of vegetable crops in Baikal region. Moscow: Nauka, 80 p. (in Russian).
El.berg, K.Yu. 1981. Antomyiidae. In: Narchuk, E.P. & Tryapitsyn, V.A., eds. Insects and mites - pests of agricultural plants. V. 4. Hymenoptera and Diptera. Leningrad: Nauka, p. 188-198 (in Russian).
Hill, D. 1978. Agricultural insect pests of temperate regions and their control. Cambridge et al.: CambridgeUniversity Press. 650 p.
Iskakov, N.S. & Kabirova, L.V. 1980. Dipteran pests of cabbage in the Kustanai Region and factors limiting their number. In: Technology of cultivation and storage of potato and vegetables (collection of works). Alma-Ata: KazNIIKOKH, p. 148-151 (in Russian).
Kadamshoev, M. 1986. Species composition and distribution of pests of vegetables, melons and gourds in areas of the Western Pamirs. In: Chikatunov, V.I., ed. Fauna, ecology and zoogeography of Pamirs. Dushanbe: Donish, p. 36-49 (in Russian).
Kharchenko, N.N., Osipov, V.G., Kustova, A.I. et al. 1975. Pests and diseases of vegetable cultures. In: Dorozhkin, N.A., ed. Plant protection against pests, diseases, and weeds in Byelorussia. Recommendations. Minsk: Urozhai, 223 p. (in Russian).
Lizgunova, T.V. 1965. Cabbage. Leningrad: Kolos, 384 p. (in Russian).
Pashchenko, N.F. 1984. Pests of vegetable cultures. In: Kharin, S.A., ed. Reference book on pest control of agricultural crops. Alma-Ata: Kainar, p. 260-282 (in Russian).
Provorotova, G.M. 1977. Insect pests of cabbage in Krasnoyarsk Territory. In: Kulik, S.A., ed. Fauna and ecology of Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Irkutsk: Irkutsk University: p. 172-180 (in Russian).
Rogochaya, E.G. 1974. Antomyiidae. In: Vasil.ev, V.P., ed. Pests of agricultural crops and forest plantations. V.2. Kiev: Urozhai, p. 540-548 (in Russian).
Rubinshtein, E.S. 1972. Air temperatures total for the period above 10o. In: Gol.tsberg, I.Ya., ed. Agroclimatic atlas of the world. Moscow & Leningrad: Gidrometizdat, p. 27 (in Russian).
Sazonov, A.P., Burov, V.N., Sundukova, N.E., Mokrousova, E.P., Kolesova, D.A., Zolotov, L.A., Voinyak, V.I., Pristavko, V.P., Chernii, A.M., Petrushova, N.I., Medvedeva, G.M., Matvievskii, A.S., Maksimova, V.I., Atanov, N.M. & Gummel, R.M. 1991.Technology of practical application of biologically active compounds in the IPM on fruit and vegetable cultures against pests (recommendations). Moscow: VASKHNIL, 32 p. (in Russian).
Semakov, V.V. 1964. The cabbage fly in Kamchatka. Zashchita rastenii 8: 48-49 (in Russian).
Semakov, V.V. 1972. Characteristic protection of white cabbage from cabbage fly larvae in conditions of the Kamchatka Region. In: Materials of 2nd conference of scientists and experts of Kamchatka. Petropavlovsk- Kamchatskii: Far East Publishing House, p. 85-90 (in Russian).
Semenov, A.E. 1954. The cabbage fly and its control in conditions of Far North. Leningrad: Sel.khozgiz, 29 p. (in Russian).
Shapiro, I.D. 1958. Pests of vegetable crops. In: Kosov, V.V. & Polyakov, I.YA., eds. Forecast of appearance and survey of pests and diseases of agricultural crops. Moscow: Minsel.khoz, p. 520-548 (in Russian).
Shtakel.berg, A.A. 1949. Diptera. In: Shtakel.berg, A.A., ed. Pest animals if Middle Asia (handbook). Moscow & Leningrad: AN SSSR, p. 48-57 (in Russian).
Stepanova, L.A. 1962. Experience of the ecological analysis of conditions of development of pests of cruciferous vegetable cultures in nature. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie 41(4): p. 721-736 (in Russian).
Tanskii, V.I. 1985. Application of economic thresholds for the main pests of the primary agricultural crops (methodical instructions). Leningrad: VIZR, 27 p. (in Russian).
Tanskii, V.I. & Dormidontova, G.N. 1980. Use of economic thresholds for insects in practice of plant protection. Methodical recommendations. Moscow: VASKHNIL, VIZR, 27 p.
Tochenov, V.V., Markov, V.F., Belyaeva, L.I. et al., eds. 1984. Atlas of the USSR. Moscow: GUGK, 260 p. (in Russian).
Yakhimovich, L.A. & Chesnokov, P.G. 1934. Special monitoring and accounts of pests and their damage to vegetables, melons and gourds in conditions of open ground. 1. Cruciferous vegetable cultures. In: Manual for the account of pests and their damage to vegetables, melons and gourds. Leningrad & Moscow: Sektor sluzhby ucheta OBV, p. 29-59 (in Russian).
Yaremko, G.A. 1976. Some features of biology of the spring cabbage fly (Delia brassicae Bouche) and its advanced control. Izvestiya TSKhA 5: 170-175 (in Russian).