Pests
Area of distribution and damage of Pieris rapae (L.)
Object description Download GIS-layers
Authors:
Object specialists E.I. Ovsyannikova & I.Ya. GrichanovGIS-specialist M.I. Saulich
Date of creation:
26.03.2004.Scale:
1:20,000,000.Accuracy of map:
Map was created using information from state publications and maps of scale 1:33,000,000 and 1:40,000,000.Projection:
"Alber's Equal Area Conic for the USSR", 9, 1001, 7, 100, 0, 44, 68, 0, 0.Basic content:
Vector map consisting of 2 layers. Distribution area and zone of low damage are shown by polygons.Accuracy of classifier:
The former USSR south of the tundra zone was included in the distribution area. The zone of Small White damage overlaps the area of industrial cruciferous vegetable cultivation. Within the distribution area, a zone of low damage was outlined, where the pest population density has economic significance, having the following economic thresholds: The threshold during the phase of leaf whorl is 10% of populated plants at an average caterpillar density of 2-5 individuals per plant; during the phase of head setting, 15% of the populated plants have an average density of 1-2 caterpillars per plant (Sazonov et al., 1991). The Small White sometimes considerably exceeds this threshold, but, in practice, it is counted together with the Cabbage White (Pieris brassicae L.) and other lepidopteran pests of cruciferous cultures (Kharchenko et al., 1975; Dzholova, 1965).Mapping procedure:
The map was compiled following an analysis of public cartographical materials and published literature. The northern border of the Small White distribution area in the European region was drawn along the border of the tundra and taiga (D.yakonov, Kozhanchikov, 1949; Nekrutenko, 1974; Kadamshoev, 1986; L.vovskii, 1999, Tatarinov, 2001). Within Western Siberia, the border of the distribution area was drawn in accordance with Lukhtanov & Lukhtanov (1994). Farther east, the distribution area was specified using L.vovskii (1999), Shadrin et al. (2001), and Shilenkov (2004). From Yakutsk to Okhotsk, the pest distribution area follows the northern border of the wild host - the Shepherd's Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) - distribution area (Vydrina, 1976). Sakhalin, Kuril Island and other regions of the Far East were included in the distribution area in accordance with Belyaev (1988) and L.vovskii (1999). Deserts of Central Asia (Tochenov etc., 1984) were excluded from the distribution area. The zone of low damage was determined using data taken from applied literature (see sources of data), taking into consideration the distribution area of cabbage (Lizgunova, 1965) and areas of industrial vegetable cultivation (Tochenov et al., 1984).Sources of data:
Belyaev E.A. 1988. Noctuidae. In: Belyaev E.A. et al. (Eds.). Babochki - vrediteli sel.skogo i lesnogo khozyaistva. Opredelitel. (Butterflies - pests of agriculture in the Far East. A Key). Vladivostok: Biologo-pochvennyi institut DO AN SSSR, pp. 217-262 (in Russian).D.yakonov A.M. & Kozhanchikov I.V. 1949. Lepidoptera. In: E.N. Pavlovskii and A.A. Shtakelberg (Eds.). Vrednye zhivotnye Srednei Azii (spravochnik) [Pest Animals of Middle Asia (handbook)]. Moscow & Leningrad: AN SSSR, pp. 22-43 (in Russian).
Daricheva M.V. 1988. Fauna and ecology of Pieridae (Lepidoptera) of Turkmenistan. Izvestiya AN Turk.SSR. Seriya biol. nauk. Ashkhabad: Ylym, N 2, pp. 61-68 (in Russian).
Dzholova N.G. 1965. Insect pests of vegetable crops in Baikal region. Moscow: Nauka, 80 pp. (in Russian).
Kadamshoev M. 1971. To biology of the Small White (Pieris rapae L.) in Western Pamirs. Izvestiya AN Tadzhikskoi SSR. Dushanbe, pp. 92-94 (in Russian).
Kadamshoev M. 1986. Species composition and distribution of pests of vegetables, melons and gourds in areas of the Western Pamirs. In: V.I. Chikatunov (Ed.). Fauna, ekologiya i zoogeografiya Pamira (Fauna, ecology and zoogeography of Pamirs). Dushanbe: Donish, pp. 36-49 (in Russian).
Kharchenko N.N., Osipov V.G., Kustova A.I., Sapogova A.A., Mazurova R.M. 1975. Pests and diseases of vegetable cultures. In: Dorozhkin N.A. (Ed.). Plant protection against pests, diseases, and weeds in Byelorussia. Recommendations. Minsk: Urozhai, 223 pp. (in Russian).
L.vovskii A.L. 1999. Pieridae. In: V.I.Kuznetsov (Ed.). Nasekomye i kleshchi - vrediteli sel.skokhozyaistvennykh kul.tur (Insects and mites - pests of agricultural plants). Vol. 3(2). Lepidoptera. St.Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 233-242 (in Russian).
Lizgunova T.V. 1965. Cabbage. Leningrad: Kolos, 384 pp. (in Russian).
Lukhtanov V., Lukhtanov A. 1994. Die Tagfalter Nordwestasiens (Lepidoptera, Diurna). Herbipoliana. Buchreihe zur lepidopterologie. Band 3. Herausgeber: Dr. Ulf Eitschberger, Marktleuthen, 440 pp. (in German).
Nekrutenko Yu.P. 1974. Pieridae. In: Vasil.ev V.P. (Ed.). Vrediteli sel.skokhozyaistvennykh kul.tur i lesnykh nasazhdenii (Pests of agricultural crops and forestry), v.2. Kiev: Urozhai, pp. 411-414 (in Russian).
Nekrutenko Yu.P. 1985. Keys to Rhopalocera of the Crimea. Kiev: Naukova dumka, 151 pp. (in Russian).
Provorotova G.M. 1977. Insect pests of cabbage in Krasnoyarsk Territory. In: S.A. Kulik (Ed.). Fauna i ekologiya Vostochnoi Sibiri i Dal.nego Vostoka (mezhvuzovskii sbornik) [Fauna and ecology of Eastern Siberia and the Far East]. Irkutsk: Irkutsk University: pp. 172-180 (in Russian).
Sazonov A.P., Burov V.N., Sundukova N.E., Mokrousova E.P., Kolesova D.A., Zolotov L.A., Voinyak V.I., Pristavko V.P., Chernii A.M., Petrushova N.I., Medvedeva G.M., Matvievskii A.S., Maksimova V.I., Atanov N.M., Gummel R.M. 1991. Technology of practical application of biologically active compounds in the IPM on fruit and vegetable cultures against pests (recommendations). Moscow: VASKHNIL, 32 p. (in Russian).
Shadrin G.A., Alekseeva A.I., Popova L.I. 2004. Fauna of Rhopalocera of environs of Oktemtsy. Yakutsk: http://fti.sitc.ru/school/oktem/scienc/index.htm (in Russian).
Shilenkov V.G., Dubeshko L.N., Anishchenko A.V., Shibanova N.V., Didorenko S.I. 2004. Zoological excursions at Baikal Lake. Invertebrates. Irkutsk: http://zooex.baikal.ru (in Russian).
Tatarinov A. 2001. Biodiversity of Rhopalocera (Lepidoptera, Diurna) of Maldy-Nyrd Range (Polar Ural, National park "Yugyd Va"). Syktyvkar: http://ib.komisc.ru (in Russian).
Tochenov V.V., Markov V.F., Belyaeva L.I. et al. (Eds.). 1984. Atlas of the USSR. Moscow: GUGK, 260 pp. (in Russian).
Vydrina S.N. Capsella bursa-pastoris. In: P.S. Chikov (Ed.). Atlas of areas and resources of herbs of the USSR. Moscow: GUGK, pp. 124-125 (in Russian).