Pests
Area of distribution and damage of Chamaepsila rosae (Fabricius)
Object description Download GIS-layers
Authors:
Object specialists I.Ya. Grichanov & E.I. Ovsyannikova, GIS-specialist M.I. Saulich.Date of creation:
12.06.2004.Scale:
1:20 000 000.Accuracy of map:
Map was created based on information taken from open-published literature and maps of scale 1: 33 000 000 and 1: 38 000 000.Projection:
"Alber's Equal Area Conic for the USSR", 9, 1001, 7, 100, 0, 44, 68, 0, 0.Basic contents:
Vector map. Area of species distribution is shown by polygons. Zones of pest damage are shown by polygons.Accuracy of classifier:
According to the following sources, if standard agronomic practices are not observed (for example, annual crop rotation is absent), then harmful activity of pest becomes high, and chemical treatments are required on shoots: Ovchinnikova (1949, 1959), Rogochaya (1974), Savzdarg (1927), Bryantsev & Dobrozrakova (1963), Kharchenko et al. (1975), Tanasiichuk (1981). Therefore, within the limits of the pest distribution area located in the territory of the former USSR, the zone of low damage was determined where carrots have economic value. Number of pests in this zone usually reaches an economic threshold that is 3-4 eggs per plant (Tanskii, 1985) or 1-2 flies per 1 yellow sticky trap for 3 days during the period from 2-3 leaves present before growth of roots according to: Gavrilova & Bakalova (2004), Legutowska (2004). In southern regions (the Northern Caucasus, Transcaucasia) moderate and high humidity and opacity are the necessary conditions for the harmfulness of this species, based on the following sources: Berdysh et al. (1994), Shavkatsishvili (1963).Method of map production:
Scientists were given maps with boundaries of Oblasts and arable lands. After reviewing historic literature, species distribution was hand drawn on maps. If data were on the Oblast-level, distribution is on the Oblast level. In some cases, Oblast.s are further refined by boundaries of the Arable Land Map (Koroljeva et al., 2003). Hand drawn maps were scanned, georeferenced and vectorized. The area of the Carrot Fly in the European part includes forest, forest-steppe, and steppe zones according to the following sources: Rogochaya (1974), Polyakov et al. (1982). Reports on the species distribution beyond Ural are sketchy. The analysis of the following publications about its distribution in Southern Siberia and the southern Far East (the Amur Region, Khabarovsk and Primorskii Territories, Sakhalin) testifies that its area is restricted to zones of deciduous forests and forest-steppe: Tanasiichuk (1981), Soos (1984), Shatalkin (1986). Therefore the area was drawn along borders of these zones using the map of Barysheva et al. (1992). There may be a complex of sibling species in the Far East (Shatalkin, 1986). The analysis of references from Kazakhstan and Central Asia demonstrates absence of the pest there (Shtakel.berg, 1949). The zone of low damage is limited mainly to the territory with high humidity according to the following records that the species is hygrophilous: Ovchinnikova (1949, 1959), Rogochaya (1974), Savzdarg (1927), Bryantsev & Dobrozrakova (1963), Kharchenko et al. (1975), Tanasiichuk (1981). This area coincided with the areas of arable lands within the European part of the former USSR (Koroljeva et al., 2003). There are only single reports from Omsk and Khabarovsk about the harmfulness of the Carrot Fly there (Cherkashin, 2002).Reference citations:
Barysheva Yu.A., Bruk S.I., Dmitriev A.V., Stroev K.V., Sutormin A.I., Shashko D.I., Yagust S.I. 1992. Zones of vegetation types. Geographical Atlas of the USSR. Moscow: Com. Geodesy and cartography of the USSR. 48 pp. (In Russian)Berdysh Yu.I., Grekova O.V., Kireenkova A.E., Shimina V.Z., Rozhentsova O.V., Polukarova M.I., Bogacheva N.I., Khomitskaya L.N., Sasova N.A. 1994. Recommendations for complex protection of agricultural crops from pests, diseases and weeds in Krasnodar Territory for 1994-1999. Krasnodar: Kraistazr "Krasnodarskaya". 133 pp. (In Russian)
Bryantsev B.A., Dobrozrakova T.L. 1963. Plant protection against pests and diseases. Moscow-Leningrad: Selkhozgiz. 503 pp. (In Russian)
Cherkashin V.I., ed. 2002. Federal phytosanitary forecast of the main pests, diseases and weeds for 2002. Moscow: MSKh RF. 54 pp. (In Russian)
Gavrilova E.A., Bakalova G.A. 2004. Pests and diseases of carrots. In: Voshedskii N.N., ed. Forecast of occurrence and distribution of pests and diseases of agricultural crops, and weed vegetation on territory of the Rostov Region and recommended control measures in 2004. Rostov-na Donu: STAZ. 101-102 p. (In Russian)
Gerasimov B.A., Osnitskaya E.A. 1953. Pests and diseases of vegetable cultures. Moscow: Sel.khozgiz. 437 p. (In Russian)
Kharchenko N.N., Osipov V.G., Kustova A.I. 1975. Pests and diseases of vegetable cultures. In: Dorozhkin N.A., ed. Plant protection against pests, diseases, and weeds in Byelorussia. Recommendations. Minsk: Urozhai. 223 pp. (In Russian)
Koroljeva IE, Vilchevskaya EV, Ruhovich DI. 2003. Digital Arable Land Map. Laboratory of Soil Information of the Dokuchaev Soil Institute, Moscow, Russia [Based on: Yanvareva LF. (ed.), Martynjuk KN., Kisileva NM. 1989. Map of Land Use, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.].
Legutowska H. 2004 (1988). Dynamics of appearance of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae Fabr. (Diptera: Psilidae) on carrot plants in Poland. http://www.actahort.org/books/219/index.htm
Ovchinnikova L.M. 1949. Complex of control measures against Carrot Fly in connection with its ecological features. Doklady TSKhA, 9: 251-254. (In Russian)
Ovchinnikova L.M. 1959. Carrot Fly. Moscow: Sel.khozgiz. 56 pp. (In Russian)
Polyakov I.Ya., Kopaneva L.M., Dorokhova G.I. 1982. Number of pests and entomophages of vegetable cultures and potato in different agricultural zones of the USSR. In: Kopaneva L.M., ed. Key to harmful and useful insects and mites of vegetable cultures and potato in the USSR. Leningrad: Kolos. 5-36 p. (In Russian)
Rogochaya E.G. 1974. Psilidae. In: Vasil.ev V.P., ed. Pests of agricultural crops and forest plantations. V. 2. Kiev: Urozhai. 522-523 p. (In Russian)
Savzdarg E.E. 1927. Carrot Fly and its control. In: Bogdanov-Kat.kov N.N., ed. Plant protection against pests. Bulletin of the permanent bureau of the All-Russian Entomo- and Phytopathological Congresses. V. 4(2). Leningrad: Zashchita rastenii ot vreditelei. 238-242 p. (In Russian)
Shatalkin A.I. 1986. Review of eastern-Palearctic species of Psila Mg. (Diptera, Psilidae) with a key to Palearctic species. Proceedings of Zoological Institute AS USSR, Leningrad. V. 146: 23-43.
Shavkatsishvili L.D. 1963. Materials on the study of Carrot Fly in Georgia. Proceedings of Georgian Institute of Plant Protection, Baku. V. 15: 41-58. (In Georgian with Russian summary)
Shtakel.berg A.A. 1949. Diptera. In: Shtakel.berg A.A., ed. Pest animals if Middle Asia (handbook). Moscow-Leningrad: AN SSSR. 48-57 p. (In Russian)
Soos A. 1984. Psilidae. In: Soos A., Papp L., Oosterbroeck P., eds. Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera 8. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado. 28-36 pp.
Tammaru I. 1972. Data on phenology of the Carrot Fly in Estonia. In: Pitseskis S., ed. Short reports on plant protection (8th Baltic conference on plant protection). Part 2. Kaunas: MSKh LitSSR. 124-130 p. (In Russian)
Tammaru I. 1975. Vegetable plant pests in Estonian SSR. In: Johandi E., ed. Plant Protection. Collection of scientific works. V. 37. Tallinn: MSKH EstSSR. 72-85 p. (In Estonian with Russian summary)
Tanasiichuk V.N. 1981. Psilidae. In: Narchuk E.P., Tryapitsyn V.A., eds. Insects and mites - pests of agricultural plants. V. 4. Hymenoptera and Diptera. Leningrad: Nauka. 105-106 p. (In Russian)