Weeds
Area of distribution and weediness of Lactuca tatarica (L.) C.A.Mey.
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Authors:
Specialist-biologist O.E.Kravchenko, GIS-specialist I.A. Budrevskaya.Date of creation:
15.03.2004.Scale:
1:20 000 000.Accuracy of the map:
It is created on materials of map of natural scale 1:8 000 000-1:55 000 000 and on literature data.Projection:
"Alber's Equal Area Conic for the USSR", 9, 1001, 7, 100, 0, 44, 68, 0, 0.Main content:
Vector map. Area is shown by polygons (main distribution) and by dots (sporadic distribution). Zone of weediness is shown by polygons.Accuracy of the classifier:
The area of the species is divided into zones of main distribution, sporadic distribution, and weediness.Procedure of map drawing:
Zones of distribution and weediness are allocated by results of the analysis of the open-published cartographical materials and literature. Map of Lactuca tatarica area from Hulten & Fries (1986) serves as a model. It has been supplemented with the data of Kharkevich (ed., 1992), Krasnoborov (ed., 1997), Tolmachev (ed., 1977) and Volkov (ed., 1935). Specifications are brought after references from the below list and after materials of the VIR Herbarium of weed plants. Lactuca tatarica is widely distributed in forest-steppes and steppes, frequently meeting on salted soils. Northern European border of its area is located in forest-steppe. Only in Volga Basin region the area oversteps the forest-steppe according to data of Volkov (ed., 1935). The western border of its area is located on Azov Sea and Black Sea coasts to the Caucasus. In the Caucasus Lactuca tatarica is distributed mosaically. The southern border of area is located in zone of semideserts of Central Asia, including partly area shown by Hulten & Fries (1986). In deserts of Central Asia Lactuca tatarica meets in oases. Eastern border of its area is also located in forest-steppe, according to data of Volkov (ed., 1935) and Krasnoborov (ed., 1997). In the Far East Lactuca tatarica occasionally meets as adventive plant. Scientists consider the species to be one of the main malicious weeds in the territory of the former USSR (Maltsev, 1937; Nikitin, 1983; Ulyanova, 1998). Basically, it litters grain in steppe and forest-steppe in Siberia (Kolmakov, Taskaeva, 1985; Plotnikov, Levchenko, 1965) and in the European part (Deza, 1989; eds. Shishkin & Grubov, 1966). Even in the northern part of the area its abundance may reach 2 balls (Doronina, 1973). In Ukraine the species is included into the "List of malicious, most harmful and difficultly separable weeds", issued by Ministry of Agriculture and Food Production of Ukraine in 1992 (UGA, 2003). In the south of Central Asia Lactuca tatarica litters all crops plentifully, but with low occurrence (Nikitin, 1957). Thus, the plant has the high harmfullness on arable lands in area of its main distribution.Sources of the data:
Buch T.G., Kachura N.N., Shvydkaya V.D., Andreeva E.R. 1981. Weeds of the Primorskii Territory and their control. Vladivostok: DKI. 256 pp. (in Russian).Cherepanov S.K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (of the former USSR). Saint-Petersburg: Mir i semya-95. 991 pp. (in Russian).
Deza M.I. 1989. Keys to weed plants of Kirghizia. Frunze: Kirghizstan. 204 pp. (in Russian).
Doronina Yu.A. 1973. Weed plants of southern areas of the Pskov region. In: Trudy po prikladnoi botanike, genetike i selektsii. Vol. 49. Release 1. pp. 192-199. (in Russian).
Fisyunov A.V. 1984. WeEds. Moscow: Kolos. 320 pp. (in Russian).
Geideman T.S. 1954. Keys to plants of Moldavian SSR. Moscow & Leningrad. 468 pp. (in Russian).
Goloskokov V.P. (Ed.) 1972. The illustrated keys to plants of Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata: Nauka. Vol. 2. 572 pp. (in Russian).
Grossgeim A.A. 1949. Keys to plants of the Caucasus. Moscow: Sowetskaya nauka. 747 pp. (in Russian).
Hulten E., Fries M. 1986. Atlas of North European Vascular Plants, North of the Tropic of cancer: Konigstein. V. 1-3. 1172 pp.
Keller B.A., Lyubimenko V.N., Maltsev A.I., etc. (Eds.) 1935. Weed plants of the USSR. Moscow & Leningrad: AN USSR. Vol. 4. 414 pp. (in Russian).
Kharkevich S.S. (Ed.) 1992. Vascular plants of the Soviet Far East. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka. Vol. 6. 428 pp. (in Russian).
Kolmakov P.P., Taskaeva A.G. 1985. Weed plants of Ural and measures of their control. Chelyabinsk: JuUKI. 88 pp. (in Russian).
Komarov B.M. 1967. Keys to plants of Northern Tajikistan. Dushanbe: Donisch. 400 pp. (in Russian).
Krasnoborov I.M. (Ed.) 1984. Keys to plants of Tuva ASSR. Novosibirsk: Nauka. 336 pp. (in Russian).
Krasnoborov I.M. (Ed.) 1997. Flora of Siberia. Novosibirsk: Nauka. Vol. 13. 472 pp. (in Russian).
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Maevskii P.F. 1954. Flora of middle belt of the European part of the USSR. Moscow & Leningrad: Selkhosgiz. 912 pp. (in Russian).
Maltsev A.I. 1937. Atlas of the major species of weed plants of the USSR. Moscow & Leningrad: Selkhosgiz. Vol. 1. 168 pp. (in Russian).
Melnichuk O.S., Kovalevska G.M. 1972. Atlas of main weeds of Ukraina. Kiev: Urozaj. 204 pp. (in Ukrainian).
Nikitin V.V. 1957. Weed vegetation of Turkmenia. Ashkhabad: AN Turkmen SSR. 581 pp. (in Russian).
Nikitin V.V. 1983. Weed plants of the USSR flora. Leningrad: Nauka. 454 pp. (in Russian).
Nikitin V.V., Geldikhanov A.M. 1988. Keys to plants of Turkmenistan. Leningrad: Nauka. 680 pp. (in Russian).
Orlova N.I. 1993. Abstract of flora of the Vologda Region. Trudy SPb ob-va estestvoisp. (Proc. of SPb society of scientists, Vol. 77, rel.3. Saint-Petersburg. 262 pp. (in Russian).
Ovesnov S.A. 1997. Synopsis of flora of the Perm Region. Perm: Perm University. 252 pp. (in Russian).
Plotnikov N.A., Levchenko E.K. 1965. Weeds of Western Siberia. Novosibirsk: ZSKI. 190 pp. (in Russian).
Ramenskaya M.L. 1959. Keys to vascular plants of Karelia. Petrozavodsk: Gosudarstvennoe izdatelstvo Karelskoi ASSR. 486 pp. (in Russian).
Reverdatto V.V., Golubintseva V.P. 1930. Weed vegetation of irrigated and non-irrigated fields and fallow lands of the Southern-Siberian steppes (the south of Krasnoyarsk Territory). Moscow & Leningrad: Selkhozgiz. 80 pp. (in Russian).
Rubtsov N.I. (Ed.). 1972. Keys to vascular plants of the Crimea. Leningrad: Nauka. 552 pp. (in Russian).
Shishkin B.K. (Ed.) 1967. Botanical atlas. Moscow & Leningrad: Selkhozgiz. 504 pp. (in Russian).
Shishkin B.K. & Grubov V.I. (Eds.). 1966. Keys to plants of Bashkir ASSR. Moscow & Leningrad: Nauka. 496 pp. (in Russian).
Takhtadzhyan A.L., Fedorov A. A. 1972. Flora of Yerevan. Leningrad: Nauka. 396 pp. (in Russian).
Tolmachev A.I. (Ed.). 1977. Flora of North-East of the European part of the USSR. Leningrad: Nauka. Vol. 4. 312 pp. (in Russian).
Tsvelev N.N. 2000. Keys to vascular plants of Northwest Russia (the Leningrad, Pskov and Novgorod Regions). Saint-Petersburg. 781 pp. (in Russian).
UGA, Ukrainian Grain Association, 2002-2003. http://uga-port.org.ua/cgi-bin/valmenu_portal.sh?0p18021206.html
Ulyanova T.N. 1998. Weed plants in flora of Russia and other CIS countries. Saint-Peterburg: VIR. 233 pp. (in Russian).
Vasilchenko I.T., Pidotti O.A. 1975. Keys to weed plants of areas of irrigated agriculture. Leningrad: Kolos. 375 pp. (in Russian).
Volkov A.N. (Ed.). 1935. Areas of distribution of the major weed plants in the USSR. Moscow & Leningrad. 400 pp. (in Russian).
Voroshilov V.N. 1982. Keys to plants of the Soviet Far East. Moscow: Nauka. 672 pp. (in Russian).